⚡Mitochondria: Structure, Function, and Symbiogenesis - M.A.I - Med School Notes. MBChB Notes.

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Mitochondria are essential cellular components, recognised as the powerhouses of the cell due to their ATP synthesis function. Their structure includes a double membrane, intramembranous space, and a matrix, with variations in the inner membrane defining different types. The inner membrane, crucial for ATP production, is highly selective in its permeability, containing transport proteins and the unique component cardiolipin. The mitochondrial matrix houses mtDNA and ribosomes, facilitating the synthesis of a portion of mitochondrial proteins, with the remainder produced in the nucleus. Beyond energy production, mitochondria participate in diverse metabolic pathways and even play a role in initiating apoptosis. The endosymbiotic theory suggests that mitochondria originated as independent prokaryotes that became integrated within eukaryotic cells, evolving into their current form.


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